Showing posts with label navy movies. Show all posts
Showing posts with label navy movies. Show all posts

Thursday, July 27, 2023

Top Gun: A Tale of Two Mavericks

By Zach Smyers
HRNM Educator

The original Top Gun movie released by Paramount Pictures in 1986 was the highest-grossing film of that year with a domestic gross of $177 million. In addition, the song “Danger Zone” was a hit for musician Kenny Loggins, reaching number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. The film starred Tom Cruise, Val Kilmer, and Anthony Edwards and brought to movie audiences such memorable lines as, “I feel the need…the need for speed!” and “You can be my wingman!” The story focused on a group of young, cocky U.S. Navy aviators attending the Navy’s Fighter Weapons School, or “Top Gun,” during the Cold War. The Navy created the school during the Vietnam War to teach pilots how to dogfight properly. During the Vietnam War, the Navy’s aircraft kill ratio (the number of enemy aircraft shot down for each U.S. Navy aircraft lost) had declined in comparison to the kill ratio during the Korean War. The school, using instructors as aggressor force pilots, puts incoming student pilots to the test, pushing their aircraft to the limits. The school’s overall goal is to teach pilots survival and success in aerial combat.

Tom Cruise as LT Pete Mitchell in Top Gun

The producers of the original Top Gun film spared no expense in making the audience feel like they were part of the action taking place on the big screen. They used real U.S. Navy F-14 Tomcats, as well as many active duty Sailors as background extras. Several Top Gun instructors were film consultants and also flew many of the aircraft, which resulted in realistic flight scenes and praise from film critics. With the success of the first Top Gun film, a sequel was discussed with Tom Cruise returning as his character “Maverick” and Tony Scott as director. Unfortunately, the proposed sequel was put on hold when director Tony Scott committed suicide on August 19, 2012. This tragic event left fans of the original film wondering if there ever would be a sequel.

Maverick and Goose in the air during Top Gun school

Thirty-six years later, the wait was over. Top Gun: Maverick opened on May 27, 2022. The big question for most moviegoers was, “How will this film compare to the original?” Following the same formula as the first film, the opening scene is a montage of flight operations taking place on a real U.S. Navy aircraft carrier with the song “Danger Zone” playing in the background. Then the audience is transported to Modesto, California, where Pete “Maverick” Mitchell (Tom Cruise) is still in the Navy. He now holds the rank of captain and is working as a test pilot. After an incident with the experimental aircraft that he’s flying, Maverick is standing tall before a two-star admiral (played by Ed Harris), who reviews Maverick’s service record, pointing out his many accomplishments as a naval aviator. The admiral also points out that at this point in his career, Maverick should also be an admiral, but he insists on continuing to fly and refusing to retire. Based on the admiral’s tone, things aren’t looking great for Maverick, but then instead of being punished for his latest antics, Maverick learns that he’s being recalled to Top Gun.

Tom Cruise as Captain Pete Mitchell

Maverick makes the journey to “Fighter Town USA” in San Diego, California (even though the real Top Gun school moved to Fallon, Nevada, many years ago). Upon checking into the command, he learns he’s been personally requested at Top Gun by his old rival and now good friend “Ice Man,” once again played by Val Kilmer. Maverick is informed that his objective is to teach a team of younger Top Gun graduates how to carry out a mission deemed nearly impossible. In this capacity, Maverick takes on a role similar to Tom Skerritt’s character, “Viper,” in the original film, as he becomes a teacher and mentor to the younger group of pilots. To add an additional level of drama to Maverick’s tasking, one of the pilots he’s being asked to train is the son of “Goose,” Maverick’s best friend, who was killed during training in the original film.

Jennifer Connelly as Penny, Maverick's love interest in Top Gun: Maverick

With the purpose of Maverick returning to the Top Gun school revealed and the younger generation of pilots introduced, the question remains…will this formula for the sequel work? The answer is yes! As one of the producers of the film and a pilot himself, Tom Cruise insisted on keeping things as realistic as possible regarding the flying sequences. This led to limited use of green screens. The actors playing the pilots went through a three-month course developed by Cruise to learn how to deal with G-forces while riding in the backseat of an F-18. One reason the flying scenes look so real is because the actors are actually flying. In addition to being in the back seat of a real Navy F-18, the actors also had to operate the camera that was mounted in the cockpit and check the lighting, their makeup, and the sound. The hard work and dedication of the actors results in realistic flight scenes.

Tom Cruise in the cockpit with special cameras designed by Sony

While the flight scenes are extremely well done, one of the most touching scenes in the film is when Maverick goes to visit Ice Man. Once his rival, Ice Man is now a three-star admiral. He summons Maverick to his home to discuss the pilots and their training for the upcoming mission. What makes this scene unique is the fact that Val Kilmer can no longer speak due to throat cancer, so the interaction has Maverick talking and Ice Man responding by typing on a computer screen. The chemistry between the two characters is what makes this interaction so powerful. Even with limited conversation, this scene demonstrates the strength of their friendship (in real life, Cruise and Kilmer have remained friends since 1986).

Val Kilmer and Tom Cruise in the original Top Gun 

With elements of a classic western (the old and wise gunslinger being asked for help one last time) and Star Wars (the mission and how Maverick teaches the young pilots to complete it), Top Gun: Maverick is an entertaining and well-made sequel. Aviation enthusiasts will appreciate the attention to detail that was put into the flight scenes, as well as Tom Cruise flying his personal P-51 Mustang. Much like the original, the film was well-received by audiences and film critics. Top Gun: Maverick ended up being a successful sequel and in the difficult time of the global pandemic, helped bring moviegoers back to theaters.

Tom Cruise's personal P-51 Mustang

Thursday, June 15, 2023

Hollywood and the Navy: Operation Petticoat

By Brenda Hale
HRNM Volunteer


Art imitates life in the 1959 movie Operation Petticoat, which managed to be realistic and humorous in one story. The movie was set in World War II, after Pearl Harbor, with a fictional Navy submarine, USS Sea Tiger. Several of the Pacific Fleet's submarines were used in the filming of this movie, with some real Navy events recreated. The movie portrayed a Balao-class submarine, with Cary Grant as Lt. Cmdr. Sherman and Tony Curtis as Lt. Nick Holden. The story follows Capt. Sherman and his crew, who were tasked to evacuate and billet five stranded female nurses, brought aboard unexpectedly while the sub was at Marinduque, Philippines, for supplies. On May 3, 1942, a real evacuation took place at Corregidor for one Navy nurse and several Army nurses by submarine USS Spearfish (SS 190), commanded by future Navy Cross recipient James C. Dempsey. In Operation Petticoat, fictitious events between the all-male Navy crew and female nurses are played out in humorous scenes.

USS Spearfish received ten battle stars for World War II service. (I. R. Lloyd print, NavSource.org)

The technical advisor on the film was retired Navy admiral Lucius Chappell. He brought a wealth of knowledge to his role in this movie. In 1937, Chappell was Executive Officer and navigator aboard USS Snapper, and in 1941 he assumed command of USS Sculpin, which completed eight war patrols during the first two years of World War II. For heroism and distinguished service, Chappell was awarded the Navy Cross and a Gold Star, along with two Letters of Commendation with Ribbon.

Rear Admiral Lucius Chappell (NavSource.org)

In Operation Petticoat, when the nurses first arrive aboard, Lt. Dolores Crandall, a well-endowed, clumsy nurse, gets her high heel stuck in the upper deck. Capt. Sherman tells her to take off the other shoe, and she trots up the steps barefoot. Then Sherman tells Lt. Watson, his executive officer, “Please assemble the crew. Instruct them to ignore that our passengers are women. That may require some readjustment, but I want every man to understand, our objective is Cebu [Philippines]. If any man has any other objective in mind, he’d better forget it.”

In another scene from the film, Lt. Crandall shows up on the bridge right when the captain has a torpedo loaded to sink an enemy supply ship. When Sherman yells at her to go below, she accidentally pushes the wrong torpedo button and blows up a truck on land, instead of the supply ship. In Sherman’s journal, he writes, “Can Lt. Crandall possibly be an enemy agent?” Filmmakers borrowed this event from a real-life incident involving Balao-class submarine USS Bowfin (SS 287). On July 16, 1944, Bowfin left Hawaii and headed for the Ryukyu Islands. On August 9, four ships were sighted heading for Minami Daito, Philippine Sea. After the ships had moored, Bowfin fired torpedoes, blowing up two ships, and a stray torpedo hit a dock, sending a bus into the water.

Later in the movie, Captain Sherman tells all the nurses, “Just don’t touch anything. For the next few days we’ll all be living in fairly close contact with each other. You being women, and the crew being men, being confined like this could create situations not usually consistent with normal submarine operations.” The nurses’ major says, “We’re well acquainted with the facts of life.” The captain replies, “So are the men. I’m simply trying to avoid any exchange of information.”

USS Balao (SS 285) painted pink for Operation Petticoat (Submarinesailor.com)

One of the movie’s most humorous plots is the painting of Sea Tiger with pink paint due to a shortage of proper paint supplies. In January 1941, the Navy issued a new manual for camouflage painting. It was generally referred to as SHIPS-2, the second issued by Bureau of Ships. In it, various camouflage designs were assigned 'Measure' numbers. Overall, black became camouflage Measure 9 and had actually been applied to all U S submarines by the end of 1940. The humor-filled, fictional movie events were too numerous to mention here, and most of them portray actual Navy events in a skewed manner. At the end of the movie, two shipboard connections that resulted in romance and marriage are revealed. Capt. Sherman and Nurse Lt. Crandall married, despite all the mishaps created on the ship by Lt Crandall. Lt. Nick Holden married Nurse Lt. Barbara Duran, whom Holden pursued from the time the nurses came aboard. Those are two scenarios that could represent real life.


Resources:
“Twenty-five years of women aboard combatant vessels”, Adam Bisno NHHC Communication and Outreach Division, Mar 12, 2019. https://www.militarynews.com/news/twenty-five-years-of-women-aboard-combatant-vessels/article_69abbe6e-44cf-11e9-a5d6-2b3ab095fc83.html

“Women in Submarines: 10 years later”, Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Cameron Stoner, SUBLANT Public Affairs, June 25, 2021. https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/2671640/women-in-submarines-10-years-later/

Modern Biographical Files in the Navy Department Library, Modern Bios, Lucius Henry Chappell. https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/research-guides/modern-biographical-files-ndl/modern-bios-c/chappell-lucius-henry.html

Wikipedia: Operation Petticoat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Petticoat

Naval History and Heritage Command, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/b/bowfin-i.html

NavSource Online: A Brief Pictorial History of Submarine Camouflage. https://navsource.org/archives/08/08492.htm

U.S. Forces Began Main Battle For Philippines 75 Years Ago, by David Vergun, DOD News, Jan. 8, 2020. https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/Story/Article/2048611/us-forces-began-main-battle-for-philippines-75-years-ago/